"A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body. "
"Absence sharpens love, presence strengthens it. "
Science experiments were a hobby of Franklin. This led to the:
•Franklin stove - a mechanism for distributing heat throughout a room.
•The famous kite and key in the thunderstorm. This proved that lightening and electricity were one and the same thing.
•He was the first person to give electricity positive and negative charges
•The first flexible urinary catheter
•Glass harmonica
•Bifocal glasses.
Franklin never patented his inventions, preferring to offer them freely for the benefit of society. As he wrote:
"... as we enjoy great advantages from the inventions of others, we should be glad of an opportunity to serve others by any invention of ours; and this we should do freely and generously."
Benjamin Franklin was a scientist, ambassador, philosopher, statesmen, writer, businessman and celebrated free thinker and wit. He has often been referred to as 'America's renaissance man' and was emblematic of the fledgling American nation
Benjamin Franklin was born January 17, 1706 into a large poor family. His father had 17 children by 2 different wives. Benjamin was brought up in the family business of candlemaking and his brother's printing shop. Whenever he could Benjamin would take the opportunity to read and learn about a wide range of subjects from Sophocles to modern science. Whilst co workers would take a leisurely lunch break, Benjamin Franklin would pour over books from the bookshop munching on some raisins.
At an early age, he also started writing articles, which were published in the New England Coureant under a pseudonym. Franklin wrote under pseudonym's throughout his life. After several were published, he admitted to his father that he had wrote them. Rather than being pleased his father beat him for his impudence. Therefore, aged 17, the young Benjamin left the family business and travelled to Philadelphia.
In Philadelphia, Benjamin's reputation as an acerbic man of letters grew. His writings were both humorous and satirical, but, they also raised the fears of the Pennslyvania governor, William Keith. William Keith was fearful of Benjamin's talents so offered him a job in England with all expenses paid. Benjamin took the offer, but, once in England the governor deserted Franklin, leaving him with no funds.
Benjamin Franklin frequently found himself in awkward situations, but, his natural resourcefulness and determination always overcame difficult odds. Benjamin found a job at a printers in London. Here he was known as the "water American" as he preferred to drink water rather than the usual 6 pints of beer daily. Franklin remarked there was 'more nourishment in a pennyworth of bread than in a quart of beer.
In 1726, a Quaker Merchant, Mr Denham offered him a position in Philadelphia. Franklin accepted and sailed back to the US.
On his journey home, Benjamin wrote a list of 13 virtues he thought important for his future life. Amongst these were temperance, frugality, sincerity, justice and tranquility. He originally had 12, but, since a friend remarked he had great pride, he added a 13th - humility (Imitate Jesus and Socrates)
Virtues of Benjamin Franklin
1. "TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."
2. "SILENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."
3. "ORDER. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."
4. "RESOLUTION. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve."
5. "FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."
6. "INDUSTRY. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."
7. "SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly."
8. "JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty."
9. "MODERATION. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve."
10. "CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloaths, or habitation."
11. "TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable."
12. "CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation."
13. "HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates."
Franklin sought to cultivate these virtues throughout the remainder of life. His approach to self improvement lasted throughout his life.
Back in America, Franklin had many successful endeavours in Business, jounalism, science and statesman ship.
Benjamin Franklin as Ambassador
Franlkin was chosen as an ambassador to England in the dispute over taxes. For 5 years he held conferences with political leaders as well as continuing his scientific experiments and musical studies.
Later on Franklin played a key role in warning the British government over the dangers of taxing the American colonies. In a contest of wills, Franklin was instrumental in encouraging the British Parliament to revoke the hated Stamp Act. However, this reversal was to be short lived. And when further taxes were issued, Franklin declared himself a supporter of the new American independence movement.
In 1775, he returned to America in conflict. He was one of the 5 representatives chosen to draw up the American declaration of Independence with Thomas Jefferson as author.
Franklin was chosen to be America's ambassador to France, were he worked hard to gain the support of the French in America's war effort. During his time in French society, Franklin was widely admired, and his portrait hung in many houses.
At the age of 75, the newly formed US government beseeched Franklin to be America's representative in signing a peace treaty with Great Britain which was signed in 1783.
He was finally replaced as French ambassador by Thomas Jefferson, who paid tribute to his enormous capacity Jefferson remarked " I succeed him; no one can replace him."
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